Safe Sanding of Lead-Era Trim: RRP Workflow & HEPA Control

Homes built before 1978 often contain lead-based paint. When sanding old trim in these houses, safety must come first. The EPA’s Renovation, Repair, and Painting (RRP) rules outline strict protocols for containment, dust control, and cleanup. This guide explains how to sand lead-era trim safely while staying compliant.

Why Lead-Safe Sanding Matters

Lead dust is hazardous, especially to children and pregnant women. Even small amounts released during sanding can contaminate living spaces. Following RRP practices ensures both worker and occupant safety while avoiding fines and liability.

Tools You’ll Need

• Random orbital sander with HEPA vacuum attachment
• Hand sanding block for detailed areas
• Plastic sheeting and tape for containment
• Zipper wall system for room isolation
• HEPA vacuum for cleanup
• Protective gear (respirator, gloves, disposable coveralls)

Recommended Grit Sequence

• 120 grit: For initial smoothing without excessive dust generation.
• 180 grit: For refining surfaces and removing light paint ridges.
• 220 grit: For finish prep before repainting.

Step-by-Step Process

1. Set up containment. Seal the work area with plastic sheeting and create a contained entry with a zipper wall.
2. Wear protective gear. Put on a respirator, gloves, and disposable coveralls before sanding.
3. Start sanding carefully. Use 120 grit (25-pack) on a sander connected to a HEPA vacuum to minimize dust release.
4. Refine surface. Switch to 180 grit (50-pack) for smoother prep.
5. Final sanding. Use 220 grit (100-pack) to finish before repainting.
6. Clean up. Vacuum with a HEPA unit and wipe surfaces with damp cloths. Dispose of all debris in sealed bags.
7. Repaint safely. Apply primer and finish coats approved for lead-safe renovations.

Special Cases

If trim has multiple thick paint layers, chemical stripping may be safer than aggressive sanding. For historic trim, combine hand scraping with minimal sanding to preserve detail.

Pro Tips

• Never use open-flame torches or uncontrolled sanding on lead paint.
• Always keep the HEPA vacuum running during sanding.
• Label the work area clearly to keep occupants out.
• Document your RRP process for compliance records.

Aftercare

• Inspect trim after drying—lightly scuff with 220 grit before touch-up coats.
• Check HEPA filters regularly for performance.
• Provide occupants with lead-safe certification documents if required.

FAQs

• Do I need RRP certification to sand lead paint? Yes—federal law requires it for contractors working in pre-1978 homes.
• Can homeowners sand lead paint themselves? It’s legal but unsafe without proper precautions—professional RRP methods are recommended.
• What’s the safest alternative to sanding? Wet scraping or chemical stripping often reduces dust more effectively.

Watch & Learn

By following EPA RRP protocols and using the right sandpaper grits with HEPA filtration, you can refinish lead-era trim safely—protecting both your work quality and the health of occupants.